Communication (right of)

The right of communication to the public is set out in Article 3(1) of Directive 2001/29/EC (the Copyright Directive or Infosoc Directive), which requires that EU member states must provide authors with the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit any communication to the public of their works by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

Collective management, Communication (right of), France, Legislative process, Reproduction (right of)

(REALEX)/ /Leave a comment

A new French Law provides that search engines using thumbnails will have to pay royalties via a compulsory collective management for the reproduction of photographs and images. The French Act No. 2016-925 of 7 July 2016 on freedom of creation, architecture and cultural heritage contains several provisions on copyright that modify the intellectual property Code…

Case Law, CJEU, Communication (right of), Digital Single Market, Infringement

(Institute of Intellectual Property Law, Jagiellonian University Kraków)/ /Leave a comment

GS Media – the questions The ‘linking saga’ initiated by the Svensson decision of the CJEU back in 2014 has taken a new turn with today’s GS Media judgment. Of course, it would be more appropriate to call it a ‘communication to the public’ saga, but I suspect that the origin of the Svensson decision…

Case Law, CJEU, Communication (right of), European Union, Infringement

(Institute for Information Law (IViR))/ /Leave a comment

The CJEU considered that where the operator of a rehabilitation centre installs television sets at its premises, to which it transmits a broadcast signal thereby enabling patients to view television programmes, and this affects the copyright and related rights of a wide range of interested parties, it must be determined whether such a situation constitutes…

Case Law, Communication (right of), Infringement, Liability, Software, United Kingdom

(University of Reading)/ /Leave a comment

The court held that the defendant did not infringe the claimant’s copyright or database rights beyond the infringements already admitted, as none of the defendant’s customers apart from one had access to the claimant’s software. A full summary of this case has been published on Kluwer IP Law

Case Law, CJEU, Communication (right of), European Union, Infringement

(Bristows LLP) and (Bristows)/ /Leave a comment

The CJEU has recently ruled on yet another case seeking to determine the meaning of ‘communication to the public’, this time in the context of broadcasting television to patients in a rehabilitation centre (Reha Training Gesellschaft für Sport- und Unfallrehabilitation mbH v Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte (GEMA), C-117/15). Readers will be aware…

Communication (right of), Digital Single Market, European Union, Legislative process, Remedies

(University of Cyprus)/ /Leave a comment

On 4th May 2016, the European Commission published its Full report on the public consultation on the review of the EU Satellite and Cable Directive. The consultation, which was held from 24 August until 16 November 2015, focused on two main issues. First, the assessment of the current rules and, second, the possibility of the…

Case Law, Communication (right of), Exceptions and Limitations, Infringement, Liability, Portugal

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The appeal court held that the diffusion of broadcast works as ambient music, by means of playing radio broadcasts through several loudspeakers in a fruit shop open to the public, was a mere reception and not a reuse of the broadcast works and therefore it did not require the authorisation of the copyright holders. A…

AG Opinion, Case Law, CJEU, Communication (right of), Digital Single Market, European Union, Germany, Infringement

(NORDEMANN)/ /2 Comments

1. Introduction The internet has been a challenge for copyright since its advent two decades ago. Many questions have now been answered. It is surprising, however, that one of the main internet technologies, hyperlinking, is still the subject of hotly debated issues under EU copyright law, which the CJEU has yet to answer. 2. Linking…

Communication (right of), European Union, Exceptions and Limitations, Infringement, Legislative process, Liability, Making available (right of), Reproduction (right of)

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When a new disruptive innovation comes around, the question always arises as to whether the current legal regimes can provide answers to all potential legal questions arising out of such new technologies and their business cases. The process for obtaining legal certainty may take some time, especially with regard to computer related technology: e.g., whilst…

Case Law, Communication (right of), Digital Single Market, European Union, Germany, Infringement

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A. Introduction and Background In copyright law the term ‘communication to the public’ marks the boundary between use which has a copyright law relevance and use which does not. The interpretation of the term within EU member states is based on various EU directives. Of note however, is that the term communication to the public…