Exceptions and Limitations

Exceptions and Limitations to copyright are provisions which allow for works protected by copyright to be used in specific situations without a licence from the copyright owner. There are numerous limitations and exceptions found in copyright legislation including, for example, the fair use exception, exceptions for libraries, archives and educational institutions, and the back-up copy exception.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Case Law, Exceptions and Limitations, Germany, Text and Data Mining (TDM)

(Lillick Professor of Law, Stanford Law School) and , (Morrison & Foerster LLP)/ /Leave a comment

In the first part of this post on the Kneschke vs. LAION decision by the German Hamburg Regional Court (“Court”), we explored the Court’s key findings regarding the operational step in a generative AI model, and the decision on the exceptions for scientific research text and data mining (“TDM”) and temporary reproductions. Now, in this…

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Case Law, Exceptions and Limitations, Germany, Text and Data Mining (TDM)

(Lillick Professor of Law, Stanford Law School) and , (Morrison & Foerster LLP)/ /Leave a comment

On September 27, 2024, the German Hamburg Regional Court (“Court”) issued the first ruling on reproductions of copyrighted content from the Internet made during the creation of an AI training data set – and on whether the copyright exceptions for text and data mining (“TDM”) provide statutory permission for such use (Landgericht Hamburg, 310 O…

European Union, Exceptions and Limitations

(University of Szeged, Hungary), (Institute for Information Law (IViR) ), (Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna), and (Luiss Guido Carli University)/ /Leave a comment

In its latest opinion, the European Copyright Society has reviewed the German Federal Court of Justice’s (BGH) referral in the Pelham II (a.k.a. Metall auf Metall) case. Although the beginning of the legal dispute dates back to 1999, a quarter century seemed to be not enough to answer all possible questions surrounding the sampling of a…

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Exceptions and Limitations, Germany, Text and Data Mining (TDM)

, (NORDEMANN)/ /1 Comment

The German Regional Court (Landgericht) of Hamburg handed down its judgment in the LAION case on 27 September 2024 (file no. 310 O 227/23, published in German here).   The key points of the decision are as follows: The reproduction of works for the purpose of creating URL lists that can be used for artificial…

Austria, Case Law, Exceptions and Limitations, Infringement

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The Robber Hotzenplotz is the title of a book series for children, written by Ottfried Preußler. The figure of robber Hotzenplotz is characterized on the book cover by a huge black hat, a red band and a feather.   A political party incorporated the face of the Austrian city’s mayor into the drawing of robber…

Authorship, European Union, Exceptions and Limitations, Legislative process, Ownership, USA

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The Institute for Information Law (IViR) at the University of Amsterdam, in collaboration with Kluwer Law International, publisher of the Information Law Series, has launched an online archive of older book volumes published in the series. The Information Law Series, which was established in 1991, is the world’s first and foremost academic book series in…

Case Law, CJEU, European Union, Exceptions and Limitations, Private copying

(Institute for Information Law (IViR))/ /Leave a comment

In November 2023, the CJEU cast light on the right to fair compensation under the private copying exception harmonised by Article 5(2)(b) InfoSoc Directive and the thorny issue of whether broadcasters are entitled to it. This post considers this judgment. The big question is whether there’s anything more to this seemingly mechanical judgment from the…

European Union, Exceptions and Limitations, Exhaustion

(IViR, University of Amsterdam)/ /1 Comment

As the environmental crisis escalates due to overproduction and overconsumption, there is an increasing recognition of the urgent need for environmental consciousness and a shift towards a sustainable, circular economy (see, in the intellectual property context, Pihlajarinne & Ballardini (2020), Senftleben (2023), Calboli (2024)). Upcycling, notably, which involves reworking old items or their parts into…

CJEU, European Union, Exceptions and Limitations

(Autonomous University of Madrid)/ /Leave a comment

For 25 years, a case has been circling the German Courts like a roller coaster without a final decision. To date, the Federal Court (hereinafter “BGH”) alone has ruled on the matter five times. Now, it is in the hands of the Court of Justice of the European Union (hereinafter “CJEU”)– for the second time….

Case Law, CJEU, Exceptions and Limitations, Germany, Subject matter (copyrightable)

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This article continues the tradition of reporting on the copyright case law of the German Bundesgerichtshof, the highest German civil court for copyright matters (Federal Court of Justice – “BGH”). This article summarises the most important BGH copyright decisions in 2022 as well as selected lower-court case law. Readers may find it useful to consult…